Springmvc最简示例hello world
准备工作
开发工具:Eclipse
所需jar包:
1. 新建Dynamic web project,工程名为SpringMVC
一路next,注意最后一步勾选生成web.xml的勾选框,然后finish。
新生成的工程目录如下图:
2. 将准备好的jar包拷贝到WEB-INF/lib下
然后选中所有jar包,右键–>build path–>add to path。
3. 新建并配置springmvc-sevlet.xml
在WEB-INF目录下新建名为springmvc-sevlet的xml文件,其内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.2.xsd">
<!-- 扫描路径 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fxj.controller">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置根视图 -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index" />
<!-- 激活基于注解的配置 @RequestMapping, @ExceptionHandler,数据绑定 ,@NumberFormat ,
@DateTimeFormat ,@Controller ,@Valid ,@RequestBody ,@ResponseBody等 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 静态资源配置 -->
<mvc:resources location="/assets/" mapping="/assets/**"></mvc:resources>
<!-- 视图层配置 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
注意: 扫描路径里的base-packge,要写在java src里的包名,我这里是com.fxj.controller
<context:component-scan base-package="com.fxj.controller">
4. 配置web.xml
web.xml是新建项目时自动生成的,位于WEB-INF目录下,将其内容配置为如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>SpringMVC</display-name>
<!-- 统一编码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>charsetEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>charsetEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 加载/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- <welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list> -->
</web-app>
5. 建立视图页
在WEB-INF下新建文件夹pages,在其下新建index.jsp,内容如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello Spring MVC</h1>
</body>
</html>
6. 建立Controller
在Java Resource下的src中新建包com.fxj.controller。 然后新建HelloController.class文件,其内容如下:
package com.fxj.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value="/world",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String hello(Model model){
System.out.println("hello");
model.addAttribute("msg","你好Spring MVC!");
return "index";
}
}
通过url示例就可直观明白上述controller的访问方法 要想访问hello函数,这里的url是: http://localhost:8888/SpringMVC/hello/world.html 我这里的tomcat端口是8888,如果你的是8080就写8080。 在浏览器中打开链接,即可看见激动人心的hello world 啦!
如果要往index.jsp中传数据该怎么做呢?下面的这行代码就是答案
model.addAttribute("msg","你好Spring MVC!");
它通过键值对的形式传递,要想在index.jsp中显示msg所指的值,只需需要显示的地方这样引用: ${msg}
如下图所示:
再次访问,结果如下:
至此,一个SpringMVC最简实例hello world就已经完成了! 凡事开头难,只要懂了这个简单的hello world例子,其他业务需求也可照葫芦画瓢,触类旁通!
接下来,在上面的基础是增加一个登录的简单示例
1. 在java source 下的com.fxj.controller包中新增LoginAction.class,内容如下:
package com.fxj.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class LoginAction {
@RequestMapping("/login.do")
public String login(String name,String pwd){
System.out.println(name +" 登录成功");
return "loginSuccess";
}
}
2. 修改index.jsp
在index.jsp中新增
<form action="login.do" method="post">
username:<input type="text" name = "name" ><p>
password:<input type="password" name = "pwd" ><p>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
如下图:
####3. 在WEB-INF/pages/下新增loginSuccess.jsp,内容如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login Success !</h1>
</body>
</html>
再次运行,访问:http://localhost:8888/SpringMVC/ 默认启动index.jsp页,所以把登录表单放在index.jsp中,post提交的表单action=login.do,指向了controller中的login函数。 运行结果:
点击登录
最后贴一下整个项目的工程目录: